Internet Surfer 2.0/Internet Surfer 2.0 (Wayzata Technology) (1996).iso/pc/text/mac/faqs.548

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQS);faqs.548


 77)! Where can I get an X-based paint/draw program?
 78)  Where can I get an X-based plotting program?
 79)  Where can I get an X-based spreadsheet?
 80)  Where can I get X-based project-management software?
 81)  Where can I get an X-based PostScript previewer?
 82)  Where can I get an X-based GKS package?
 83)  Where can I get an X-based PEX package?
 84)! Where can I get an X-based TeX or DVI previewer?
 85)  Where can I get an X-based troff previewer?
 86)! Where can I get a WYSIWYG interface builder?
 87)  Where can I find X tools callable from shell scripts?
 88)  Where can I get an X-based debugger?
 89)  How can I "tee" an X program identically to several displays?
 90)  TOPIC: BUILDING THE X DISTRIBUTION [topic needs updating to R5]
 91)  What's a good source of information on configuring the X build?
 92)  Why doesn't my Sun with a cg6 work with R5?
 93)  Why doesn't my Sun with SunOS 4.1 know about _dlsym, etc.?
 94)  What is this strange problem building X clients on SunOS 4.1.2?
 95)  Why can't gcc compile X11R4 on my SPARC?
 96)  What are these I/O errors running X built with gcc?
 97)  What are these problems compiling X11R4 on the older Sun3?
 98)  What are these problems compiling the X server on SunOS 4.1.1?
 99)  What are these problems using R4 shared libraries on SunOS 4?
100)  Can OLIT programs run with R5 Xt? (_XtQString undefined)
101)  How do I get around the SunOS 4.1 security hole?
102)  TOPIC: BUILDING X PROGRAMS
103)  What is Imake?
104)  Where can I get imake?
105)  I have a program with an Imakefile but no Makefile. What to do?
106)  Why can't I link to the Xlib shape routines?
107)  What are these problems with "_XtInherit not found" on the Sun?
108)  Why can't I compile my R3 Xaw contrib programs under the new X?
109)  TOPIC: PROGRAMMING PROBLEMS AND PUZZLES
110)  Why doesn't my program get the keystrokes I select for (sic)?
111)  How do I figure out what window manager is running?
112)  Is there a skeleton X program available?
113)  Why does XtGetValues not work for me (sic)?
114)  Why don't XtConfigureWidget/XtResizeWidget/XtMoveWidget work?
115)  Why isn't there an XtReparentWidget call like XReparentWindow?
116)  I'm writing a widget and can't use a float as a resource value.
117)  Is this a memory leak in the X11R4 XtDestroyWidget()?!
118)  Are callbacks guaranteed to be called in the order registered?
119)  Why doesn't XtDestroyWidget() actually destroy the widget?
120)  How do I query the user synchronously using Xt?
121)  How do I determine the name of an existing widget?
122)  What widget is appropriate to use as a drawing canvas?
123)  Why do I get a BadDrawable error drawing to XtWindow(widget)?
124)  Why do I get a BadMatch error when calling XGetImage?
125)  How can my application tell if it is being run under X?
126)! How do I make a "busy cursor" while my application is computing?
127)  How do I fork without hanging my parent X program?
128)  Can I make Xt or Xlib calls from a signal handler?
129)  What are these "Xlib sequence lost" errors?
130)  How can my Xt program handle socket, pipe, or file input?
131)  How do I simulate a button press/release event for a widget?
132)  Why doesn't anything appear when I run this simple program?
133)  What is the difference between a Screen and a screen?
134)  Can I use C++ with X11? Motif? XView?
135)! Where can I obtain alternate language bindings to X?
136)  Can XGetWindowAttributes get a window's background pixel/pixmap?
137)  How do I create a transparent window?
138)  Why doesn't GXxor produce mathematically-correct color values?
139)  Why does every color I allocate show up as black?
140)  Why can't my program get a standard colormap?
141)  Why does the pixmap I copy to the screen show up as garbage?
142)  How do I check whether a window ID is valid?
143)  Can I have two applications draw to the same window?
144)  Why can't my program work with tvtwm or swm?
145)  How do I keep a window from being resized by the user?
146)  How do I keep a window in the foreground at all times?
147)  How do I make text and bitmaps blink in X?
148)  How do I render rotated text?
149)  What is the X Registry? (How do I reserve names?)

If you have suggestions or corrections for any of these answers or any
additional information, please send them directly to uunet!craft!faq;
the information will be included in the next revision (or possibly the one
after that; thanks for the many suggestions which haven't been incorporated
yet).

This version of the FAQ is in the process of having R3 information replaced
by R5 information.

This posting is intended to be distributed at approximately the beginning of
each month. New versions are archived on export.lcs.mit.edu and are also
available from [e-mail] (send "help").

The information contained herein has been gathered from a variety of sources.
In many cases attribution has been lost; if you would like to claim
responsibility for a particular item, please let me know.

Conventions used below: telephone numbers tend to be Bell-system unless
otherwise noted; prices on items are not included; email addresses are those
that work from the US.

All trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject:   0)  TOPIC: BASIC INFORMATION SOURCES AND DEFINITIONS
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject:   1)  What books and articles on X are good for beginners?

    Ken Lee of the DEC Western Software Laboratory ([e-mail])
regularly posts to comp.windows.x and ba.windows.x a bibliography containing
cites of all known reference books and how-to manuals and also cites of
selected technical articles on X and X programming; it is ftp-able as
    export.lcs.mit.edu:/contrib/Xbibliography and
    gatekeeper.dec.com:/pub/X11/contrib/Xbibliography

Here is an unordered set of the reference books and tutorials most useful for
beginners; most appear on that list [comments are gathered from a variety of
places and are unattributable]:

Asente, Paul J., and Swick, Ralph R., "X Window System Toolkit, The Complete
Programmer's Guide and Specification", Digital Press, 1990.  The bible on Xt. A
treasury of information, excellent and invaluable.  Distributed by Digital
Press, ISBN 1-55558-051-3, order number EY-E757E-DP; and by Prentice-Hall,
ISBN 0-13-972191-6. Also available through DEC Direct at 1-800-DIGITAL.
[The examples are on export.lcs.mit.edu in contrib/ and on gatekeeper.dec.com
(16.1.0.2) in pub/X11/contrib as asente-swick.examples.tar.Z.  They were also
posted to comp.sources.x as xt-examples/part0[1-5].]

Jones, Oliver, Introduction to the X Window System, Prentice-Hall, 1988, 1989.
ISBN 0-13-499997-5. An excellent introduction to programming with Xlib.
Written with the programmer in mind, this book includes many practical tips
that are not found anywhere else. This book is not as broad as the O'Reilly
Xlib tutorial, but Jones is an experienced X programmer and this shows in the
quality and depth of the material in the book. Originally written for X11R1,
recent printings have included corrections and additions and current material.

Young, Doug. "The X Window System: Applications and Programming with Xt (Motif
Version)," Prentice Hall, 1989 (ISBN 0-13-497074-8). The excellent tutorial
"X Window Systems Programming and Applications with Xt," (ISBN 0-13-972167-3)
updated for Motif. [The examples are available on export; the ones from the
Motif version are in ~ftp/contrib/young.motif.tar.Z.]

Young, Doug and John Pew, "The X Window System: Programming and Applications
with Xt, OPEN LOOK Edition" (ISBN 0-13-982992-X). The tutorial rewritten for
OLIT, with new examples and drag/drop information. [Examples are on export in
youg.olit.tar.Z.]

Heller, Dan. "Motif Programmers Manual". The 6th Volume in the O'Reilly series
covers Motif application programming; it's full of good examples. With Motif
reference pages. (ISBN 0-9937175-70-6.)  [The examples are available on uunet
in comp.sources.x and nutshell archives.]

Scheifler, Robert, and James Gettys, with Jim Flowers and David Rosenthal, "X
Window System: The Complete Reference to Xlib, X Protocol, ICCCM, XLFD, X
Version 11, Release 5, Third Edition," Digital Press, 1992. "The Bible" in its
latest revision", an enhanced version of X documentation by the authors of the
Xlib documentation. This is the most complete published description of the X
programming interface and X protocol. It is the primary reference work and is
not introductory tutorial documentation; additional tutorial works will usually
be needed by most new X programmers.  Digital Press order EY-J802E-DP, ISBN
0-13-971201-1.

Nye, Adrian, "Xlib Programming Manual, Volume 1" and "Xlib Reference Manual,
Volume 2," O'Reilly and Associates, 1988. A superset of the MIT X
documentation; the first volume is a tutorial with broad coverage of Xlib, and
the second contains reference pages for Xlib functions and many useful
reference appendices.  ISBN 0-937175-26-9 (volume 1) and ISBN 0-937175-27-7
(volume 2).  [A version updated for X11R4 is available (4/90).]

Nye, Adrian, and Tim O'Reilly, "X Toolkit Programming Manual, Volume 4,"
O'Reilly and Associates, 1989. The folks at O'Reilly give their comprehensive
treatment to programming with the MIT Intrinsics; R4 versions are now
available, as is a Motif 1.1 version (Volume 4M).

O'Reilly, Tim, ed.,  "X Toolkit Reference Manual, Volume 5," O'Reilly and
Associates, 1989.  A professional reference manual for the MIT X11R3 Xt; some
information on X11R4 is included.

Mansfield, Niall. "The X Window System: A User's Guide," Addison-Wesley, 1989.
A tutorial introduction to using X, now upgraded for R4. ISBN 0-201-51341-2.

Quercia, Valerie and Tim O'Reilly. "X Window System User's Guide," O'Reilly and
Associates, 1989. A tutorial introduction to using X. ISBN 0-937175-36-6.
Also available in R4 and Motif flavors.

(Prentice-Hall ordering is 201-767-5937. O'Reilly ordering is 800-998-9938.)

In addition, check the X11R4 and X11R5 core distribution in doc/tutorials for
some useful papers and tutorials, particularly the file answers.txt.  "Late
Night's Top Ten X11 Questions" by Dave Lemke ([e-mail]) and Stuart Marks
([e-mail]) answers other common questions and some of these here in more
detail.

New R5 versions of the O'Reilly references (not yet Volume 6) are now available
[8/92].  A single volume, "Programmer's Supplement for R5" by David Flanagan,
provides an overview of new R5 features; it includes man pages for Xlib, Xt,
and Xmu. [ISBN  0-937175-86-2]

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject:   2)! What courses on X and various X toolkits are available?

    Advanced Computing Environments periodically offers at least a two-day
Introduction course. Contact Susie Karlson at 415-941-3399 for information.

    AT&T offers training in Xlib and in the Xol set. Contact AT&T Corporate
Education & Training for more info; 1-800-TRAINER in the USA.

    Communica Software Consultants offers three-day hands-on courses in X
designed for the X Window system developer and programmer. Contact Chris
Clarkson, telephone [phone], e-mail [e-mail]. [5/91]

    Cora Computer Technologies (516-485-7343) offers several courses.

    GHCT offers a one week lecture/lab course for programmmers designed by
Douglas Young based on his book "The X Window System: Programming and Applica-
tions with Xt, OSF/Motif Edition". Information: Brian Stell (415-966-8805 or
ghct![e-mail]).

    GHG offers a range of courses on X and Motif. Information: 713-488-8806
or [e-mail].

    Hands On Learning has live training and self-paced video workshops on
topics such as using and/or programming X, Xlib, Xm, Xt, and widget-writing.
Information: 617-272-0088, 800-248-9133.

    Hewlett-Packard (1-800-HPCLASS; or contact your local HP center) offers
a 2-day "Introduction to X", a 5-day Xlib course, a 1-day Xt and Motif 1.1
seminar, and a 5-day Motif lab course.

    Integrated Computer Solutions, Inc., offers several multi-day, hands-on
courses on X, Xt, and the Xaw and Motif widget sets, in particular. Information
is available at 617-621-0060 and [e-mail].

    Intelligent Visual Computing teaches several lab courses on-site for
Motif and XView. IVC is at 1-800-776-2810 or [phone] or at [e-mail].

    Iris Computing Laboratories offers five-day Xlib and Xt courses.
Info: [phone] or [e-mail].

    IXI Limited ([phone]) offers regular X training courses for
both programmers and non-technical managers. See also: Unipalm, below.

    Learning Tree International offers a four-day course in X Window System
applications development, including Xlib and some information on Motif.  For
more info call 800-824-9155 (213-417-3484); 613-748-7741 in Canada. Courses are
offered in major North American cities; also in London, Stockholm, Tokyo, and
elsewhere.

    Lurnix offers 4-day "type-along courses" on Xt; the course is being
ported from Xaw to Xm. Information is available at 800-433-9337 (in CA: -9338).

    Mitch Trachtenberg and Associates offers regular 5-day lab courses on
programming with OSF/Motif, usually in but not limited to Cambridge, MA.
Info: [phone], [e-mail].

    Non Standard Logics ([phone]; [e-mail]) offers
courses on programming with Xlib, Motif, and creating Motif widgets.

    OSF Educational Services (617-621-8778) offers one-day seminars and
one-week Motif lab courses.

    John A. Pew offers a 5-day course on OLIT, possibly based on his book
on that subject; 408-224-5739.

    SCO ([phone], [e-mail]) offers training for its Open
Desktop (Motif) environment in the UK and Europe.

    Software Pundits (617-270-0639) offers a range of courses.

    Technology Exchange (617-944-3700) offers a 4-day Xlib/Xt/Motif course.

    TeleSoft is now offering a 1-day plus 3-day seminar on X and Motif.
Information: Bruce Sherman (619-457-2700, [e-mail]).

    Unipalm XTech offers OSF's 5-day Motif course and a 1-day overview on
X.  Information: Unipalm Training at [phone], [e-mail].

    Various other vendors are also beginning to offer X training, usually
specific to a proprietary toolkit or to Xt and a proprietary widget set: DEC
is offering Xlib courses; Sun offers an XView course.

    Various universities are offering short X courses or overviews: UCLA,
Dartmouth, University of Lowell, University of Canberra (within Australia:
062-522422) ...
    UC Berkeley Extension will have a one week X/Motif class for
programmers in San Francisco starting on July 29.  The class will have a
hands-on lab. For more information contact UCBX at 415 323 8141.

    Among the best places to find courses are at the various Unix
conferences -- Uniforum, Usenix, Unix Expo, Xhibition, the MIT X Technical
Conference, the ACM tutorial weeks, &c.

    In addition, the X Consortium posts approximately quarterly a list of
unendorsed speakers and consultants who can provide talks on a variety of X
topics.

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject:   3)! What conferences on X are coming up?

    The MIT X Technical Conference is typically held in January in Boston.
The 7th will be held January 18-20, 1993 at the Sheraton Boston Hotel and
Towers.  Registration information is available from
[e-mail].

    The XWorld Conference and Exhibition includes tutorials, panels,
presentations and vendor exhibits. The '93 show is April 19-23 in New York
City.  Information: SIGS Publication Group at 212-274-0640.

    The Xhibition 93 X trade show and conference, with tutorials, panels,
presentations, and vendor exhibits, will be held at the San Jose Convention
Center June 7-11, 1993.  Information: [phone], [e-mail].

    The European X User Group holds an annual conference which typically
includes includes paper presentations and a vendor exhibit. Information:
[e-mail] (?) or [e-mail], [phone],
fax [phone].

    The Motif show is held in Washington to coincide with the FedUnix and
the Federal Open Systems Conference (usually December). Information:
[e-mail] or [e-mail], 301-229-1062, fax [phone].

    Other trade shows -- UnixExpo, Uniforum, Siggraph -- show an increasing
presence of X, including tutorials and exhibits.

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject:   4)  What X-related public mailing lists are available?

    The xpert mailing list is the general, public mailing list on X
maintained by the X Consortium. The mailings are gatewayed, so xpert is almost
identical to the comp.windows.x Usenet newsgroup.

    ***    If you get comp.windows.x, you don't need to     ***
    ***    be added to the xpert mailing list.         ***

    Otherwise, you can join the list to receive X information
electronically. It is best to find a local distribution; perhaps someone within
your company is already receiving the mailing. As a last resort, send mail to
[e-mail] with a valid return electronic address.

    The xannounce mailing list carries major X announcements, such as new
releases (including public patches from MIT), public reviews, adoption of
standards by the MIT X Consortium, and conference announcements.  It does NOT
carry advertisements, source code, patches, or questions.  If you already
receive the Usenet news group comp.windows.x.announce or the xpert mailing list,
you don't need to be added to the xannounce mailing list.  Otherwise, to
subscribe, send a request to [e-mail]. Note: Only
redistribution addresses will be accepted for this list -- i.e. no personal
addresses. If you wish to receive xannounce yourself, please contact your mail
administrator to set up a local redistribution list and to put you on it.
    comp.windows.x.apps is not gatewayed to a mailing list.

    In addition, the X Consortium sponsors these public lists:
        bug-clx         CLX bug reports and discussions
        x-ada           X and ada
        x11-3d          people interested in X and 3d graphics
        ximage          people interested in image processing and X
        xvideo          discussion of video extensions for X
    To subscribe to one of these lists, assuming no-one in your
organization already receives it, send mail to <list>[e-mail]
with the Subject line including the name of the LIST in caps and the request
"addition request".  In the body of the message be sure to give an address for
your local distribution which is accessible from MIT (eddie.mit.edu).

    A mailing list for topics related to OPEN LOOK is sponsored by Greg
Pasquariello of Unify corporation; send to [e-mail] (or
[e-mail]) for information.
    A mailing list for bugs in the publicly-available version of XView
source, in particular, is sponsored by Sun; send for information to
[e-mail].
    A mailing list for topics related to Motif is sponsored by Kee Hinckley
of Alfalfa Software, Inc.; send to [e-mail] for information.
(This group is gatewayed to comp.windows.x.motif.)
    A mailing list for topics related to the XPM pixmap-format is sponsored
by Arnaud Le Hors of Group Bull; send to [e-mail] for
information. [1/91]
    A mailing list discussing InterViews can be subscribed to by sending to
[e-mail].
    A mailing list ([e-mail]) for topics related to the port
of X11 to the Amiga can be subscribed by sending to [e-mail] a
message containing
        Subject: Adding myself to AMIGA-X11
        SUBS AMIGA-X11 Your Real Name
    A mailing list discussing ParcPlace's (formerly Solbourne's) OI (Object
Interface) toolkit can be subscribed to at [e-mail].
    A mailing list discussing multi-threaded Xlib can be subscribed to at
[e-mail].

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject:   5)  How can I meet other X developers?

    O'Reilly and Associates sponsors a mailing list for the use of X user
group organizers; subscribe by sending to [e-mail] the message
"subscribe xgroups [e-mail]".

    Local area X user's groups are listed in Issue 4 of O'Reilly's X
Resource journal; a list may also be available from [e-mail].

    The French X User Group is called AFUX and is based in Sophia Antipolis
by CERICS. Information can be obtained from Miss Vasseur or Miss Forest; BP
148; 157, rue Albert Einstein; 06561 Valbonne Cedex; Phone: [phone] /
45 01; Fax: [phone].  [10/90]

    The European X User Group was formed in 1989 to represent X users in
Europe.  It holds technical conferences at regular intervals. The EXUG also
publishes a regular newsletter which is distributed free of charge to members.
The EXUG also runs a email mailing list for members which is frequently used to
address issues of European interest in X. The EXUG can be contacted at
[e-mail], [phone], fax [phone].

    GXUGiV is the German X User's Group in Vorbereitung ("in preparation")
being formed for X programmers and users; it is associated with the EXUG. All
interested should contact Olaf Heimburger ([phone]; and at
mcvax!unido!tub!olaf).

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject:   6)  What related FAQs are available?

    Liam R. E. Quin ([e-mail]) posts a FAQ on Open Look to
comp.windows.open-look.
    Jan Newmarch ([e-mail]) posts a FAQ on Motif to
comp.windows.x.motif.
    Peter Ware ([e-mail]) posts a FAQ for
comp.windows.x.intrinsics; it is on export in contrib/FAQ-Xt.
    Art Mulder ([e-mail]) posts to comp.windows.x a FAQ on
maximizing the performance of X.
    Steve Kotsopoulos ([e-mail]) posts to comp.windows.x a FAQ
about using X on Intel-based Unix systems.
    The FAQ in alt.binaries.pictures contains information on viewing images
with X and on massaging image formats.
    The FAQ in comp.mail.mh (gatewayed to [e-mail]) includes a
section on xmh.
    The FAQ in comp.lang.lisp contains information on several interface
tools and toolkits.
    There exists a PEX/PHiGS FAQ.

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject:   7)  How do I ask a net-question so as to maximize helpful responses?

    When asking for help on the net or X mailing lists, be sure to include
all information about your setup and what you are doing.  The more specific you
are, the more likely someone will spot an error in what you are doing.  Without
all the details, people who want to help you often have to guess -- if they are
able to respond at all.

    Always mention what version of X you are using and where you got it
from. If your server came from a different source as the rest of your X system,
give details of that, too.  Give the machine type, operating system, and O/S
version for both the client and server machine.  It may also be appropriate to
mention the window manager, compiler, and display hardware type you are using.

    Then tell exactly what you are doing, exactly what happens, and what
you expected/wanted to happen.  If it is a command that fails, include the
exact transcript of your session in the message.  If a program you wrote
doesn't work the way you expect, include as little of the source necessary
(just a small test case, please!) for readers to reproduce the problem.

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject:   8)! What publications discussing X are available?

    The trade magazines (Unix World, Unix Review, Computer Language, etc.)
are publishing more articles on X.  Two X-specific publications include:

    - O'Reilly and Associates publishes "The X Resource: A Practical
Journal of the X Window System" (103 Morris St. #A, Sebastapol, CA 95472).
Editorial information: Adrian Nye, [e-mail].

    - The X Journal is started bi-monthly publication September 1991 on a
variety of X topics. Subscription information: The X Journal, Subscriber
Services, Dept XXX, P.O. Box 3000, Denville, NJ 07834, USA. Editorial
information: [e-mail].

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject:   9)  What are these common abbreviations/acronyms?

    Xt: The X Toolkit Intrinsics is a library layered on Xlib which
provides the functionality from which the widget sets are built. An "Xt-based"
program is an application which uses one of those widget sets and which uses
Intrinsics mechanisms to manipulate the widgets.
    Xmu: The Xmu library is a collection of Miscellaneous Utility functions
useful in building various applications and widgets.
    Xaw: The Athena Widget Set is the MIT-implemented sample widget set
distributed with X11 source.
    Xm: The OSF/Motif widget set from the Open Software Foundation; binary
kits are available from many hardware vendors.
    Xhp (Xw): The Hewlett-Packard Widget Set was originally based on R2++,
but several sets of patches exist which bring it up to R3, as it is distributed
on the X11R4 tapes. Supplemental patches are available to use it with R4/R5.
    CLX: The Common Lisp X Interface is a Common Lisp equivalent to Xlib.
    XDMCP: The X Display Manager Protocol provides a uniform mechanism for
a display such as an X terminal to request login service from a remote host.
    XLFD: The X Logical Font Description Conventions describes a standard
logical font description and conventions to be used by clients so that they
can query and access those resources.
    RTFM: Common expert-speak meaning "please locate and consult the
relevant documentation -- Read the Forgotten Manual".
    UTSL: A common expression meaning "take advantage of the fact that you
aren't limited by a binary license -- Use The Source, Luke".
    API: Application-Programmer Interface. The function calls, etc., in
a programming library.
    BDF: Bitmap Distribution Format; a human-readable format for uncompiled X fonts.
    GUI: graphical user interface.
    UIL: the User Interface Language, part of OSF/Motif which lets
programmers specify a widget hierarchy in a simple "outline" form
    WCL: the Widget Creation Language, a package which extends the
understanding of the Xt resource format such that a widget hierarchy and
actions on the widgets can be specified through the resources file
    GIL: the file format put out by Sun's OpenWindows Developers Guide 3.0
    UIMS: User Interface Management System

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject:  10)  What is the ICCCM? (How do I write X-friendly applications?)

    The Inter-Client Communication Conventions Manual is one of the
official X Consortium standards documents that define the X environment. It
describes the conventions that clients must observe to coexist peacefully with
other clients sharing the same server.  If you are writing X clients, you need
to read and understand the ICCCM,  in particular the sections discussing the
selection mechanism and the interaction between your client and the window
manager.  Get it either:
    - as part of the R4 distribution from MIT
    - in the later editions of the Scheifler/Gettys "X Window System" book
    - as an appendix in the new version of O'Reilly's Volume 0, "X Protocol
Reference Manual." A version in old copies of their Volume 1 is obsolete.
    The version in the Digital Press book is much more readable, thanks to
the efforts of Digital Press's editors to improve the English and the
presentation.

[from David Rosenthal, 10/90]

    - the ICCCM was updated for R5; updates are published in O'Reilly's
"Programmer's Supplement for Release 5". The complete document is on the R5
tapes.

    Alternate definition: the ICCCM is generally the M in "RTFM" and is
the most-important of the least-read X documents.

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject:  11)  What is the X Consortium, and how do I join?

    The MIT X Consortium was formed in January of 1988 to further the
development of the X Window System and has as its major goal the promotion of
cooperation within the computer industry in the creation of standard software
interfaces at all layers in the X Window System environment.
    MIT's role is to provide the vendor-neutral architectural and
administrative leadership required to make this work. Membership in the
Consortium open to any organization.  There are two categories of membership,
Member (for large organizations) and Affiliate (for smaller organizations).
    Most of the Consortium's activities take place via electronic mail,
with meetings when required.  As designs and specifications take shape,
interest groups are formed from experts in the participating organizations.
Typically a small multi-organization architecture team leads the design, with
others acting as close observers and reviewers.  Once a complete specification
is produced, it may be submitted for formal technical review by the Consortium
as a proposed standard.  The standards process typically includes public
review (outside the Consortium) and a demonstration of proof of concept.
    Your involvement in the public review process or as a Member or